Nephrologists are specialised medical doctors who are dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.Nephrological diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and it is their expertise that plays a critical role in encompassing a broad spectrum of conditions, including different chronic kidney diseases. In this blog we have discussed the common nephrological diseases that a nephrologist treats.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Explain what CKD is, its causes, and how nephrologists manage it.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that is characterised by the loss of kidney function over a span of time. This condition can lead to the buildup of dangerous amounts of waste products in the blood system, causing other health problems.
Common causes of chronic kidney (CKD) include diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity, among other causes. There are a range of symptoms that include fatigue, swelling, loss of appetite, and difficulty concentrating. If left untreated, CKD can progress to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Nephrologists play a critical role in managing top nephrologist chronic kidney diseases. This is achieved through early diagnosis, undergoing lifestyle modifications, and pharmaceutical interventions. They are specialists that monitor your kidney function and might implement treatment plans, including prescribing medications to control blood pressure and blood sugar levels. In severe cases, nephrologists also help prepare patients for dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disorder where the kidneys suddenly start losing their ability to function properly. Such a complex situation requires immediate attention. This condition can be triggered by cases of extreme dehydration, pre-existing medical conditions, or due to the use of certain medications, like aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Some common symptoms to look out for are reduced urine output, lesser fluid retention, and disturbances in electrolyte balances in your body.
Nephrologists diagnose this disorder by conducting a series of comprehensive blood tests and urine analysis to assess the extent of the problem. This helps them provide a guiding treatment based on the underlying cause. The treatment strategies focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause, ensuring proper hydration, and monitoring kidney function to prevent any further long-term damage.
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for filtering blood. This condition is caused by a combination of issues like infections, onset of autoimmune diseases, or other underlying health issues.
Nephrologists typically diagnose this condition by prescribing a combination of blood tests, urine analysis, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to determine the specific type and severity of Glomerulonephritis. Hematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (foamy urine), and high blood pressure are some of the symptoms you need to watch out for.
There are a range of treatment options that are determined by the exact underlying cause of Glomerulonephritis. Medications Like immunosuppressants or corticosteroids are prescribed in certain cases to help the person deal with the inflammation. It is important to remember that proper management is crucial to prevent the progression of the condition to chronic kidney disease.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder that can be caused if only one copy of the defective gene is inherited from either parent. It is characterised by the formation of fluid-filled cysts that lead to kidney enlargement and potential failure.In such cases, nephrologists play a critical role in managing PKD by monitoring its functioning and ensuring supportive care.
A nephrologist focuses on managing the conditions and prescribes interventions to slow down the progression of the disease. Diagnosis of PKD is usually confirmed through imaging tests such as CT scan, ultrasound, or MRI tests that reveal the extent of the cysts.
The sad truth is that there is currently no cure for Polycystic kidney disease, so the treatment mainly involves managing the symptoms and reducing the number of complications through early diagnosis and inducing a proactive management plan, ensuring you can improve your quality of life and slow down the progression of this condition.
Kidney Stones and Infections
Kidney stones and urinary tract infections are formed when the minerals and salts crystallise in the urine, causing obstruction of the urinary flow that results in extreme pain. Nephrologists diagnose stones through CT scans and urine tests, and offer treatment options that may include dietary changes, medications. In some cases, surgical procedures might have to be conducted to remove larger stones. On the other hand, UTIs happen due to bacterial infection in the urinary tract. In such cases, nephrologists identify the underlying causes and provide appropriate antibiotic treatments.
Other Conditions Nephrologists Treat
In addition to the diseases mentioned above, nephrologists also manage various conditions related to electrolyte imbalances, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. These issues can significantly impact kidney health and thus require specialised care to prevent complications.
When to See a Nephrologist
Recognising the signs and symptoms of nephrological diseases is crucial for recovery through timely intervention. Therefore, if you experience any persistent changes in urination, like reduced urine output, foamy urine, or blood in the urine, high blood pressure, signs of swelling, especially in the ankles, feet, or around the eyes or unexplained fatigue, it is vital to consult a nephrologist.
Individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease should also seek the advice of the top nephrologist to better manage the risk factors. Remember that early consultation with a nephrologist is essential for personalised care, timely interventions, and ensuring the best possible outcomes in regards to your kidney health.
